PRECIS WRITING:
Writing a précis means
making an intelligent summary of a long passage. To write a précis one should have a clear
understanding of the passage: only then well one be able to include all the
essential points and tips and tricks of essay examples in
the précis.
Some general considerations :
- It is generally accepted that a précis should be a third of the passage given. If the original passage has 300 words, the précis should not be more than 110 words in length.
- A précis should be in the language of the précis-writer. The original passage is not to be reduced in length by just removing unimportant or unnecessary sentences and by reproducing the rest as the précis. It should be a brief gist or summary of the passage expressed in the writer’s own words.
- A précis should be full i.e. it should contain all the essential thoughts, ideas or fact in the original passage. It should not contain repetitions or observations that are not relevant to the main theme of the original.
- A précis is always written in Reported Speech. The passage given may be a speech made by a person in Direct Speech, but the précis is to be in Reported Speech and in the Third Person and in the Past tense.
Techniques of Précis – Writing
There three kinds of
work to be done in producing a clear and successful précis. They are (1)
Reading, (2) Writing and (3) Revision.
Reading
Read the passage carefully
If
one reading is not enough to give you a general idea of its meaning, then read
it a second time. As you read, find out the subject or the theme of the passage
and what is said about the subject.
It will be a good thing
if you find out the lead or the topic sentence. The lead sentence will help you
to see the subject clearly. It will also help you to think of a title for the
précis example.
Learn
with shortening in your words, text of written work useful writing tips,
essential thoughts, ideas or fact on how to write a précis writing format with
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Further reading may be
necessary at this stage to make sure that the details of the passage are also
understood. Read the passage more slowly this time, even sentence by sentence,
and make sure that everything in the passage is understood. If this is not
done, it is likely that you will miss something important, especially if it is
expressed by a short phrase or a single word.
Now comes the process of
selection. The writer of the précis writing passages has to decide what
facts or ideas in the passage are essential and what are of secondary or no
importance. Taking the main ideas of the passages as your point of reference,
it should not be too difficult to write out the important points in the
original in a corner of your writing work sheet.
Writing
You should first prepare
a draft of the précis, keeping in mind, the need to reduce he original to
one-third its length. The main thoughts expressed in the passage, the ideas it
contains, the opinions presented and the conclusion arrived at should figure in
the rough draft. Unimportant things like the names of people and places and
dates should not figure in it.
It may so happen that your
first draft is too long or that it sounds rather jerky. Shorten it if necessary
and write out a careful second draft during college preparation. Sometimes you
may need to work out three or even four drafts, but with reasonable care and
concentration, you should normally succeed in producing a good précis writing
by the second draft.
Revision
When you have made your
second (or final) draft, carefully revise it before writing out the fair copy.
Look for many mistakes or slips in grammar or spelling and correct them. Don’t
forge to give your précis a title for precis writing examples.
A term paper, normally
known as a search paper, could be a sensibly thesis and precis writing that’s needed to be
ready for obtaining a grade in an remarkably degree. It’s to be written at the
top of the term. It’s a compulsory project for college kids, and one cannot get
a degree or skip to following term while not submitting this term paper. For
creating a suitable term paper, you wish to require in mind some necessary
concerns and following steps of tips on
how to write a research paper.
General Writing recommendations on Term Paper
Select Associate in nursing applicable Topic
The first step is to
decide on a subject on that you’ll analysis on and write the simplest. There
area unit several students World Health Organization don’t get smart grades
only for the rationale that they didn’t opt for the acceptable topic for
analysis. It’s obvious that you simply got to choose a subject that is
appropriate to your specific field of study. If you’ve got any doubt relating
to that topic you ought to choose, the simplest choice is to debate along with
your faculty member World Health Organization can for certain assist you in
selecting out a decent topic. It’s not suggested to travel for a search paper
topic that’s too general in nature. Instead, choose one, that though’ being
rare, may be researched enough with adequate data as needed for the project.
Also, don’t miss out on deciding the issues that require to be processed within
the term paper. The issues will definitely be a decent base for a well reasoned
theory of paper.
Try to Gather Term Paper Data
After you’ve got elect
the subject that’s rare, nevertheless re searchable; you’ll begin the task of
aggregation data that’s associated with the subject. The simplest thanks to
collect smart data is that the webs, which can conjointly offer you new
concepts referring to what further points you, wish to incorporate in your term
paper. However, you’ll conjointly bear previous term and analysis papers. Books
and encyclopedias area unit different smart resources of gathering helpful
data. Collect the maximum amount knowledge as potential.
Arrange the Collected knowledge Properly in Writing
The next step is too
arranged and prepares all the information collected. You will or might not
embrace all the knowledge that’s collected. If you opt to incorporate all
gathered knowledge within the term paper, simply confirm that it doesn’t add up
to the length. You’ll conjointly choose solely the foremost appropriate,
related, and vital aspects, to form a decent analysis paper. Don’t think about
points which will build the reader escape from the most topic of writing.
Follow the quality Pattern
You then got to produce
an overview of however your term paper can really be. When thinking on the
matter and data, decide however you’ll place it in sections and sub-sections.
It’s always higher to follow the standard analysis paper format; which has the
heading and therefore the starting part, main remains of the paper, concluding
ending, list, and appendices. Organizing all of your knowledge during this
pattern can build the paper acceptable.
Make a Draft
After you’ve got
selected the format of presentation and therefore the matter that’s to be
enclosed, prepare a rough draft. Prepare the rough draft as if you’re really
creating the ultimate term paper of research
paper draft example.
This may rule out abundant of the probabilities of errors and modifications.
Once you complete creating the draft, revise it totally for any mistakes. Bear
the matter and determine if it’s applicable price mentioning. To forestall
errors, it’s steered to revise the rough draft many times and let a 3rd person
check it for any mistakes that were left unnoticed.
Write the ultimate term paper Writing
After you’ve got created
all the modifications and changes, you’ll proceed to form the ultimate term
paper. Bear the ultimate paper repeatedly to search out some additional
mistakes. You’ll conjointly provide it to a 3rd person for checking if it’s in
an exceedingly correct flow. Scrutiny your final paper with different previous
analysis papers could be an excellent plan for tips on writing to ascertain if your
paper is suitable and valuable.
Those higher than
navigation a way to write a term paper ought to most crucially creating
perceive that you simply got to be terribly peacefully in reasoning the
speculation and downside including higher than. Any incorrect or inappropriate
purpose and hints will considerably lower your faculty or faculty grades. Best
of luck!!
Sample 1
It is physically
impossible for a well-educated, intellectual, or brave man to make money the
chief object of his thoughts just as it is for him to make his dinner the
principal object of them. All healthy people like their dinners, but their
dinner is not the main object of their lives. So all healthy minded people like
making money ought to like it and enjoy the sensation of winning it; it is
something better than money.
A good soldier,
for instance, mainly wishes to do his fighting well. He is glad of his pay—very
properly so and justly grumbles when you keep him ten years without it—till,
his main mission of life is to win battles, not to be paid for winning them. So
of clergymen. The clergyman's object is essentially baptize and preach not to
be paid for preaching. So of doctors. They like fees no doubt—ought to like
them; yet if they are brave and well-educated the entire object to their lives
is not fees. They on the whole, desire to cure the sick; and if they are good
doctors and the choice were fairly to them, would rather cure their patient and
lose their fee than kill him and get it. And so with all the other brave and
rightly trained men: their work is first, their fee second—very important
always; but still second.
The Main Points:
1. Money making is
a common attraction in life.
2. But it cannot
be the principal aim of well-educated, intellectual brave persons.
Precis Summary:
Money-making is a
common attraction in life. But it cannot be the principal aim of well educated,
cultured and brave man. A brave soldier prizes honour and victory more than his
pay. A good clergyman is more interested in the moral welfare of his people
than his returns. A doctor (good) values the care of his patient far more than
his fees. Thus with all the well-educated, intellectual persons, their work is
first, money next.
Sample 2
Home is the young,
who known "nothing of the world and who would be forlorn and sad, if
thrown upon it. It is providential, shelter of the weak and inexperienced, who
have to learn as yet to cope with the temptations which lies outside of it. It
is the place of training of those who are not only ignorant, but have no yet
learnt how to learn, and who have to be taught by careful individual trail, how
to set about profiting by the lessons of teacher. And it is the school of
elementary studies—not of advances, for such studies alone can make master
minds. Moreover, it is the shrine of our best affections, the bosom of our
fondest recollections, at spell upon our after life, a stay for world weary
mind and soul; wherever we are, till the end comes. Such are attributes or
offices of home, and like to these, in one or other sense or measure, are the
attributes and offices of a college in a university.
Precis Summary
Home shelters the
young who are weak and unexperienced and unable to face the temptations in
life. It is a centre of their elementary education and a nursery of sweet
affections and pleasant memories. Its magic lasts for ever. A weary mind turn
to it for rest. Such is the function of a home and in some measure of the
university.
Sample 3
Teaching is the
noblest of professions. A teacher has a scared duty to perform. It is he on
whom rests the responsibility of moulding the character of young children.
Apart from developing their intellect, he can inculcate in them qualities of
good citizenship, remaining neat and clean, talking decently and sitting
properly. These virtues are not easy to be imbibed. Only he who himself leads a
life of simplicity, purity and rigid discipline can successfully cultivate
these habits in his pupils.
Besides a teacher
always remain young. He may grow old in age, but not in spite. Perpetual
contact with budding youths keeps him happy and cheerful. There are moments
when domestic worries weigh heavily on his mind, but the delightful company of
innocent children makes him overcome his transient moods of despair.
Precis Summary
Teaching is the
noblest profession. A teacher himself leading a simple, pure and disciplined
life can mould the character of the young children and make them neat and good
mannered citizens. Besides he remains every young forgetting his own domestic
worries in the constant company of the young.
Sample 4
English education
and English language have done immense goods to India, inspite of their glaring
drawbacks. The notions of democracy and self-government are the born of English
education. Those who fought and died for mother India's freedom were nursed in
the cradle of English thought and culture. The West has made contribution to the
East. The history of Europe has fired the hearts of our leaders. Our struggle
for freedom has been inspired by the struggles for freedom in England, America
and France. If our leaders were ignorant of English and if they had not studied
this language, how could they have been inspired by these heroic struggles for
freedom in other lands? English, therefore, did us great good in the past and
if properly studied will do immense good in future.
English is spoken
throughout the world. For international contact our comrherce and trade, for
the development of our practical ideas, for the scientific studies, English-is
indispensable "English is very rich in literature," our own
literature has been made richer by this foreign language. It will really be a
fatal day if we altogether forget Shakespeare, Milton, Keats and Shaw.
Precis Summary
Notwithstanding
its various defects English education has done great good to India. The ideas
of democracy and self-government are its gifts. Nursed on English education the
Indian leaders were inspired by the Western thought, culture and freedom
struggles. They fought for and won their motherland's freedom. Being spoken
thought-out the world English is necessary for international contact, trade,
commerce and science. English is rich in literature; its master mind cannot be
neglected.
Sample 5
When we survey our
lives and efforts we soon observe that almost the whole of our actions and
desires are bound up with the existence of other human beings. We notice that
whole nature resembles that of the social animals. We eat food that others have
produced, wear clothes that others have made, live in houses that others have
built. The greater part of our knowledge and beliefs has been passed on to us
by other people though the medium of a language which others have created.
Without language and mental capacities, we would have been poor indeed
comparable to higher animals.
We have,
therefore, to admit that we owe our principal knowledge over the least to the
fact of living in human society. The individual if left alone from birth would
remain primitive and beast like in his thoughts and feelings to a degree that
we can hardly imagine. The individual is what he is and has the significance
that he has, not much in virtue of the individuality, but rather as a member of
a great human community, which directs his material and spiritual existence
from the cradle to grave.
Precis Summary
Being social
animals, human beings have their actions and desires bound up with society. In
matter of food, clothes, knowledge and belief they are interdependent. They use
language created by others. Without language their mental power would not grow.
They are superior to beast, because they live in human society. An individual
life left alone from birth would grow utterly beast like. So human society and
not individuality guides man's material and spiritual existence.
